![]() ![]() APD2000 detects nerve agents, blister agents, and other hazardous materials such as mace and pepper spray. and Sabre FR (Figure 24), both are manufactured by Smiths Detection, are commercially available and used by HAZMAT teams and first responders. Response time for CAM and ICAM generally takes 10 to 60 seconds. It has been widely used during the Gulf War but was found to report erroneous responses in closed spaces and in heavily smoked areas (7). ICAM is a handheld device that can also be attached to mobile vehicles to continuously monitor nerve agent concentrations. is a handheld device, manufactured by Smiths Detection, to detect nerve, blister and blood agents. M80 and M90 are hand-held devices manufactured by a Finnish company, of which a limited amount of information is available. Aspiration IMS is a fairly new application that has been used to detect chemical agents like VX and soman degradation products (113, 114) Among the chemical detectors utilizing the IMS technique are M80 and M90, Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM), Improved Chemical Agent Monitor (ICAM), Advanced Portable Detection (APD). ![]() These detectors were also shown to be very much affected by fluctuations in temperature, pressure and humidity, where failure in CWA identification occurred or detection signals were difficult to interpret (112). ![]() However, a number of disadvantages for IMS detectors are notably poor selectivity and false alarms (110, 111). range, with only a few seconds of response time (83). It is known for its low limits of detection, usually in the parts-per-billion (ppb). IMS technique has gained a high rate of interest in its use by the military and first responders for the detection of very low levels of CWAs and other toxic vapors in the field. IMS detectors are pretty rugged in design, lightweight, require very little consumables, have low power consumption, inexpensive to manufacture and can be easily miniaturized for field use (82, 83, 110). Primarily due to its simple principle and very fast detection capability, IMS is integrated with other analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry, that are employed by military and security personnel (82). IMS is one of the commonly used technologies in chemical agent detection, offering a wide range of applications. Each chemical agent responds differently to the source since the ion clusters formed are proportional to the size, shape and weight of the agent. The vapor phase chemical agents form ion clusters upon contact with their parent ions, which are then identified by their unique transit duration from the reaction chamber drift to the detector (8). by the source and passed towards the ion detector. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |